structured query language (SQL) - Wikipedia

“note: normalised and de-normalised data have different meanings to structured relational data (SQL) than general scientific usage, but are handy concepts

consider:

  • normalised
    • “rationalised: collapsed to minimal, relational graph”
  • de-normalised
    • “plurally enumerated: enumeration of all of the paths through the graph”

Simplifying: normalised data is contextually de-duplicated; de-normalised data “double counts”